Thinking about sinking: the settling of shaped solids
The gravitational settling of particles in a viscous fluid is a common process in nature and in industrial contexts. This familiar process is a confounding problem in many-body physics due to the long-range, directional interactions between sinking particles. After discussing some known facts and known puzzles in the field, I will present results that show qualitatively new behaviour when the particles have non-trivial shape and orientational degrees of freedom, as do snowflakes, plankton, crystals, and other natural sediment. As examples of the richness that emerges from shape, I will discuss unusual phenomena in the sedimentation of individual polar and polygonal objects, of pairs of apolar and polar objects, and of a one-dimensional lattice of apolar discs. Finally, I will discuss new results on sedimentation of suspensions of discs and rods at finite density.