Unconventional superconductors are materials whose pairing mechanism is not due to the electron-phonon interaction as proposed by BCS theory. Up to date, known unconventional superconductors all exhibit symmetry-broken phases other than superconductivity in their phase diagrams, and it is widely-believed that the fluctuations associated with these symmetry-broken phases hold the key to the pairing mechanism of unconventional superconductors. In this talk, I will summarize our work in studying the collective excitations in cuprates and iron pnictides observed in inelastic neutron scattering and optical measurements. Their implications on the pairing mechanism will be discussed.